Epic poetry Essay

?This article is about the art form. For other uses, see Poetry (disambiguation). Literature Major forms Novel Poem Drama Short story Novella Genres Comedy Drama Epic Erotic Nonsense Lyric Mythopoeia Romance Satire Tragedy Tragicomedy Media Performance (play) Book Techniques Prose Poetry History and lists Outline of literature Glossary of terms History (modern) Books Writers Literary / Poetry awards Discussion Criticism Theory Sociology Magazines Literature portal v t e â€Å"Poem†, â€Å"Poems†, and â€Å"Poetic† redirect here. For other uses, see Poem (disambiguation), Poems (disambiguation), and Poetic (disambiguation). Poetry (from the Greek poiesis — — meaning a â€Å"making†, seen also in such terms as â€Å"hemopoiesis†; more narrowly, the making of poetry) is a form of literary art which uses aesthetic and rhythmic[1][2][3] qualities of language—such asphonaesthetics, sound symbolism, and metre—to evoke meanings in addition to, or in place of, the prosaic ostensible meaning. Poetry has a long history, dating back to the Sumerian Epic of Gilgamesh. Look more:  types of satire essay Early poems evolved from folk songs such as the Chinese Shijing, or from a need to retell oral epics, as with the Sanskrit Vedas, Zoroastrian Gathas, and the Homeric epics, the Iliadand the Odyssey. Ancient attempts to define poetry, such as Aristotle’s Poetics, focused on the uses of speech in rhetoric, drama, song and comedy. Later attempts concentrated on features such as repetition, verse form and rhyme, and emphasized the aesthetics which distinguish poetry from more objectively-informative, prosaic forms of writing. From the mid-20th century, poetry has sometimes been more generally regarded as a fundamental creative act employing language. Poetry uses forms and conventions to suggest differential interpretation to words, or to evoke emotive responses. Devices such as assonance, alliteration, onomatopoeia and rhythm are sometimes used to achieve musical or incantatory effects. The use ofambiguity, symbolism, irony and other stylistic elements of poetic diction often leaves a poem open to multiple interpretations. Similarly, metaphor, simile and metonymy[4] create a resonance between otherwise disparate images—a layering of meanings, forming connections previously not perceived. Kindred forms of resonance may exist, between individual verses, in their patterns of rhyme or rhythm. Some poetry types are specific to particular cultures and genres and respond to characteristics of the language in which the poet writes. Readers accustomed to identifying poetry with Dante, Goethe, Mickiewicz and Rumi may think of it as written in linesbased on rhyme and regular meter; there are, however, traditions, such as Biblical poetry, that use other means to create rhythm and euphony. Much modern poetry reflects a critique of poetic tradition,[5] playing with and testing, among other things, the principle of euphony itself, sometimes altogether forgoing rhyme or set rhythm. [6][7] In today’s increasingly globalized world, poets often adapt forms, styles and techniques from diverse cultures and languages.

Evaluation of a Business Code of Ethics Essay

The purpose of this assignment is to assist you in refining problem-solving capabilities that organizations already possess for use in business ethics applications. This paper uses a structured, objective format sometimes called a system of inquiry. This assignment is a systematic formalized inquiry into or examination of the code of ethics of an organization and its effects to achieve a specific level of ethical behavior in employees, management, and executives. Each business should have a framework for ensuring ethical behavior. The structure, format, and scope of codes vary depending on the company’s business. An oil company’s code, for example, would probably have different criteria and emphases than a healthcare provider’s code of ethics. Sometimes, codes of ethics are called by other names, such as an employee code of conduct. A code of ethics, though, should be differentiated from standard good operating practices. Evaluation and analysis includes problem solving and behavior in assessing organizational ethics along with decision-making processes. In this case, you are evaluating your own company’s code of ethics, or that of another company if your employer does not have a code of ethics. Write a 1,200- to 1,400-word paper, one not using question-and-answer format, discussing your organization’s code of ethics in detail. Perform the following steps: Â · Obtain a copy of your employer’s code of ethics or find an example on the Internet from a major corporation, such as Shell Oil Company’s Statement of Ethics. This is the document upon which to base your inquiry. Â · Write a general information paragraph on the company, including its mission statement. Â · Determine the type of ethical system used by the firm and reasons or examples upon which you based your decisions. Ethical systems include ends-driven, relativistic, entitlement, and duty-driven (legal or religious) ethics. Â · Identify and discuss how the code of ethics is used. Include several paragraphs on each use: one for employees, one for management, one for the board of directors, and so forth. Some of this information comes from the company’s code of ethics. Others may be available through an Internet search. Consider the following: o Why it is used—the general or special circumstances o How it is used o When it is used Note. You may not be able to find all the information. In that case, state this fact and indicate which sources were examined with no results. Â · Why might the organization need to modify their existing code of ethics? Consider how you might modify the code if you were the new CEO and how you would implement the changes. Â · What possible reactions to the code are to be expected from employees and managers? What effects does the organizational culture have on the acceptance of the code? Â · What is the effect of the code on the organization? Â · Summarize the results of your systematic analysis or inquiry into the code of ethics of this organization.

Bottling Company Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Bottling Company - Case Study Example The above parameters are calculated using Excel built in functions. The mean and median are very close to each other; it shows that the data do not have skews. Standard deviation of sampling data are small, which states that values are close to the mean. In statistics, the population mean is measured through the sample mean. Statistics uses a concept called confidence interval in order to calculate a population mean. This assignment uses a 95% confidence interval to evaluate a range of the population mean. The confidence interval, in this case, is measured using method of unknown mean and unknown standard deviation of the population. The range is achieved using the central tendency values and the critical value of t, and SE. The critical value is calculated using Excel formula T.INV.2T(0.05,29); where 0.05 is the significance level of 95% confidence interval, 29 is the degree of freedom, df = n-1. The t critical = 2.045. The term SE is called standard error; it is calculated using formula STDV / sqrt (n). In this case, SE = 0.1. The upper limit of the interval = X mean + t*SE = 14.87+2.045*0.1=15.08. The lower limit of the interval is X mean +t.*SE = 14.87-2.045*0.1 = 14.66. Thus, the 95% confidence interval is (14.66, 15.08). In this case, customer’s complaint is that the soda in the bottle is less than 16 ounces; however, the company claims that the soda in the bottle is 16 ounces. These two statements give the basis for the hypothesis test (â€Å"What is hypothesis testing†, n.d.). The alternate hypothesis is the population mean is less than 16 ounces; null is the population mean is equal or greater than 16 ounces. The significance level of the test is 5%. Based on the alternative statement, it is advised to conduct a left tail test of mean; for this purpose test statistics is defined as t = (x mean - ÃŽ ¼) / SE = (14.87-16.0) / 0.1 = - 11.25. Based on degree of freedom, df = 29 and significance level

A SEPARATION Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A SEPARATION - Movie Review Example In relation to analyzing the movie we will discuss the theme of the film, the camera’s angles and its effectiveness and casting of the actors, where they adequate in their job or not. Moving to the plot of the film, Simin (Leila Hatami) wants her husband Nader (Peyman Moaadi) and an eleven year old daughter Termeh (Sarina farhadi) to emigrate, citing the circumstances of Iran and its rigid rule for women. However, Nader is not willing to agree, since his father, who is an Alzheimer patient, is not well and he cannot leave his father in such condition, leaving the pair in an unreasonable situation. This consequently leads to Simin asking for a divorce, which Nader is not willing to give. From here, Razieh (Sareh Bayat) enters as a maid hired by Nader to look after his father, since Simin has left him for her parents’ house. Thus, one events lead to another and the movie ends with Termeh deciding the custody for her, while her parents are waiting, separated by a glass wall. Outlining social barriers and criticism of inequality among the gender in Iran culture make up the theme of the movies. Starting with the first theme, the introductory scene of the film in which images of passport being photocopied are shown, depicts that the value of the people has stooped to a strings of numbers, as if they have no value. Similarly, the shot of Simin not able to have access to forthcoming travel, but is refused in the introductory scenes and not mentioned again throughout the whole film is also another depiction of social barrier. Interestingly, the other theme is inequality among men and women, for instance in regions such as Iran, women does not have the right or power to explore their opportunities or turn into a willful, independent and strong women, but Farhadi illustration of Simin shows that she is an educated and enlighten women who knows that her daughter will not have those opportunities at her disposal, if they continue their stay, as she will

Management Seminar Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Management Seminar - Essay Example ial scandals from the leading companies such as –the Enrons, Worldcoms, Adelphia and Tyco’s over spending as well as distortion of accounting statements. SOX stipulate that there should be several checks and balances in the companies to provide accurate financial record to the public. Financial officers are required to provide accurate financial statements that should be monitored by both internal and external auditors. For that reason, they are held accountable for their actions; and lest there be any incorrect financial information, and then they are liable for high fines and imprisonment. This act very important to both the public and the companies as well, this is through establishing a more energetic shareholder’s environment. The common public has more confidence that organizations will not swindle their money as they are subject to federal regulations. It is due to this reason the firm financial officials have opted to submit accurate financial statements. As required by this act, any unethical actions in the organization should be punished; employees, therefore, have been encouraged to report any wrong doings in the organization because it is the same act that will defend them. However, The Sarbanes-Oxley Act has been challenged by a number of negative aspects. Many companies have decided not to go public as they do not need to be SOX compliant if they are privately held. Once this Act was passed, many companies have become privately held, and some public companies have also removed their names from the stock exchange list. Moreover, the exercise has also proved to be very expensive; the cost involved in hiring the qualified accounting, legal, and technology expertise to support maintaining accurate records of the organizations’ financial statements is high. In addition, the maintenance fee that is required for this act has really squeezed the bottom-line profits of many organizations; as some mid-size companies are unable to afford the fee

Araby Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Araby - Essay Example The first words spoken by the girl of his dream was also about â€Å"Araby†, giving the reader the assumption that it will be a mythological place that he can escape from reality and his harsh environment. The story of â€Å"Araby† highlights the contradiction between reality and illusion through illustration of the transformation of innocence to the path of realization and disillusionment as a phenomenon that occurs in a child’s boyhood. The protagonist of the story is the matured boy who had once been the innocent boy depicted in the story. The story opens with the lines â€Å"North Richmond Street, being blind, was a quiet street except at the hour when the Christian Brothers' School set the boys free† (Joyce, 538). Paradoxically, even though they were free from school, even their play did not give them the desired pleasure, for it was an equally dull world, where not even play brought any stimulant for the children. All these descriptions of dullness a ctually create the backdrop against which the boy takes resort to an imagination larger than life and hence encounters a surprising disillusionment.

Leading Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Leading - Essay Example He has managed to drive Facebook to attaining great possibilities through exceptional styles, skills, and expertise in management. According to Gallo (2012), Zuckerberg keeps the Facebook website clear and simple. It provides a user-friendly platform for social networking. Samson (2013) refers to Zuckerberg as a leader who owns the product he promotes because of the inherent passion for which he conducts his managerial affairs. The love for his products saw him deny offers to sell the Facebook account. For instance, Zuckerberg identifies thoughtful potential in his products. The initial purpose for the innovation of Facebook was to connect people (Gallo, 2012). According to Samson (2013), Zuckerberg had an insight of the path Facebook would take. The future of Facebook became his obsession. Passion to achieve his goal has seen the website progressive improvement. According to Walter (2014), Zuckerberg has a fascination about making the world more open. The state of Facebook in the world and the power of its influence in various aspects of life currently resulted from Zuckerberg’s effort courtesy of passion to his mission (Samson, 2013). Facebook mission has remained consistent over the years since its start (Walker, 2014). This has concentrated efforts towards improvisation of social networking systems. According to Gallo (2012), Zuckerberg believes in being a great leader and communicator. He puts efforts to improve his communication skills as a way to improve his persuasive leadership in the company. According to Marshall (2009), Zuckerberg underwent through a training in speaking to improve his communication skills. Zuckerberg has an inclination to interact with people to improve his leadership qualities. Marshall (2009) accounts for the structural positioning of Zuckerberg’s office in the new building of the company. The centric positioning of his office with offices of other leaders surrounding his

Literary vs. Research Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Literary vs. Research Theory - Essay Example The final example is the New Criticism based on moral and religious structures (Klarer, 2004). Research theory, on the other hand, is a systematic method, mostly used in social sciences, to generate new theories or test existing ones on the basis of data analysis. In the case of creation of a new theory, an existing theory is used as a basis for suggestions as to what kind of research should be carried out. Challenging an existing theory consists of using data as dictated by the null hypothesis based on the existing theory. Examples of research theories include descriptive theories, co relational theories and experimental theories (Klarer, 2004). Both literary and research theories have methods or schools of thought that cannot be clearly cut from one another. They both provide a general sense of a basis in which we can base our arguments as we try to explain the complexities of various aspects in life. Both theories are important in attempting to rationalize different phenomena, and in trying the core cause-effect relationship (Klarer,

Food Chemistry Options Report Essay Example for Free

Food Chemistry Options Report Essay Food Chemistry What is food chemistry? Food chemistry is the application of the actual science that goes into the production, development, and actual creation of the foods we frequently consume. In reality, much more thought as well as actual science goes into the food production and consumption that we as a society divulge in so regularly. It is up to the food chemists to design the most efficient and fastest way to make and preserve both the appeal as well as the nutrition of the food. With that being said, not only must the food meet the standards of the consumers, but the chemistry behind it must also be in line with the guidelines set up by organizations such as the FDA. Perhaps the most important factor when looking into a food is its chemical composition. For example, typical lipids include phospholipids, sterols, and vitamin D which because of their structures remain soluble in organic solvents but insoluble in water. A common lipid makeup of a fatty food contains an intricate mixture of many different molecules. A large part of these lipid makeups are usually a good amount of triacylglycercols which are literally the esters of three fatty acids bonded to a glycerol molecule. Variation in fatty foods are then caused by differences in chain length, degree of unsaturation, and position on the glycerol molecule(ACS). Another prominent factor when considering the different types of fats is that the unique profile of lipids present determines the exact nutritional as well as physiochemical properties. As the discussion of food fat and oils continues, it is important to distinguish that the difference between the two is that a â€Å"fat† is a lipid that is solid at room temperature whereas an â€Å"oil† is a lipid that is liquid at that same temperature. Along with lipids, carbohydrates also have a very different chemical structure that contributes to their unique qualities. Carbohydrates exist in combinations of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen which really shows how simple the base structure of a carbohydrate is. In the presence of animals, carbohydrates can be seen as starches whereas in plants they are most commonly noticed as cellulose. Carbohydrates can be most commonly identified in their base state as simple sugars but they can quickly combine to form complex structures as more of the simple sugars combine. A common structure for a simple sugar or monosaccharide is a carbon chain ending with a carbonyl group that also has hydroxyl groups spread out over the molecule. The main difference from some simple sugars to others is the specific orientation of the hydroxyl groups around the simple sugar chain. As the talk of lipids goes more into depth, it is important to distinguish between the different types of fat and in this case the differences between saturated and unsaturated fats. It has long been common knowledge that unsaturated fat is better for you and that saturated fat is just horrible for you but it has never really been explained at all. However, when examining into the actual chemical effects that these two fats can have, it becomes much easier to see why one would be considered so much healthier over the other. As the chemical structure of saturated fats are examined it can be seen that since the molecule is so concentrated with hydrogen atoms, there is no double bonds contained between the atoms. These saturated fats have been known to raise cholesterol levels because of the more dense fat that must be consumed. When the structures of unsaturated fats are looked at, it can be seen that there is a huge difference between its chemical structure and that of the saturated fat. This difference is shown by the presence of double bonds between some of the atoms. This presence of double bonds then shows that the atom has a much less concentrated state in comparison to the saturated fats which also explains why it remains at a liquid at room temperature instead of a more dense solid. As a result, these unsaturated fats take much less of an effort by the body to consume since they are less dense which is really what helps them in being considered so much healthier. Shelf life, the length of time a product can be stored without becoming unsuitable for use or consumption(Gyesley S. . There are many factors that go into the preserved shelf life of foods and many of which that have to do with the actual chemical composition of the food in question. These factors include the foods exposure to light, heat, water content, as well as exposures of the food to air in general which can lead to slow but actual chemical changes over time. The main problem associated with the exposure of light onto foods is how strong the affect of light can manage to be. Too much light will cause a loss in the presence of vitamins as well as the overall appearance since the excess of light can lead to a much faster deterioration of the food. There can really be a problem with the amount of water content in packaged foods today too, as that can affect the rate at which that food undergoes chemical changes however if the food comes dry and then begins to pick up moisture it can drastically change the rate at which microbial spoilage will take place. These chemical changes in the food is really what leads to the sharp decline in shelf life as well as the quality of the food and it is influenced in a very strong way by the temperature at which the food is stored. A gallon of milk left out at room temperature spawns microbial growth much faster than one that is left in the refrigerator. It is important to realize how important the preservation of food becomes after reading about how easily food can spoil. The first of these is one of the most obvious that involves storing dairy products at low temperatures which usually encompasses using a refrigerator. There are also some techniques that change the packaging such as many foods these days that are packaged in reduced oxygen. The growth of the traditional spoilage organisms can be prevented by the application of this new method at a higher rate than ever before. The use of these new packaging techniques really differs from the past when one of the most common forms of preservation in meats was to salt them very heavily. As that is now still an option, it is used way less often because of how unhealthy that has become to be considered by our society today. What is sometimes simply overlooked in foods is the appearance by which they come. Foods have color because of their ability to reflect and absorb the different wavelengths of visible light. When considering where these colors actually come from the answer usually involves one of the natural pigments of either anthocyanins or carotenoids. Anthocyanins are more commonly known to be present among plants. The colors they produce range from pink, red, and purple to blue. Carotenoids are considered to be more of a general igment as they are virtually found everywhere. These colors involve red, orange, and yellow which are typically most seen through nature. As to the presence of Anthocyanins in plants, it is important to realize that along with it comes the commonly known natural pigment of chlorophyll that is typically found in any plant that shows green. As the conversation onto the appearance of food continues, another aspect of food that would have to be considered is the texture of f oods. In liquids, one of the most common ways that is used to change texture or the look is through the process of emulsion. This involves combining two liquids that would normally be insoluble to each other by means of adding one to the other drop by drop. This process of emulsion can really be sped up by the addition of an emulsifying agent as well which allows for the two liquids to combine faster. When the actual term of â€Å"emulsifier† is used, this just describes the actual substance that allows small droplets of one liquid to become suspended into the other. In conclusion, food chemistry involves a large amount of organic and chemical structure knowledge in order to maintain and improve upon the food production and processing techniques that are already out there. Much more thought is often put into food chemistry then most people would think which shows why it is often not known or understood by the common person. However, as food development and preservation becomes even more prominent in our society today, common food chemistry knowledge should become more well known.

Nothing but Useless Essay Example for Free

Nothing but Useless Essay I am not a video game addict but many of my acquaintances are. I am not a video game fan simply because I am not good as others at playing with the same enthusiasm and commitment. My acquaintances like playing video games because it helps them relax and feel as if they were kids again. Their children also play video games developed specifically for their age group. Video games develop reaction, problem-solving abilities, attention, and concentration. None of my acquaintances has ever committed a violent act. Video game exists in its virtual space, which does not make claims on real life. Video games get the brunt of the criticism. Our government is anti-video game. Yet, market forces can be the only regulatory mechanisms of violence in video games. Only two or three of the top best-selling video games are violent. Video games have no violent impact on a video gamer. Younger players may be vulnerable to the violent game content when the play video games that are not suitable for their age. Although first person shooter violence is common to video games, it is not likely to promote aggressive behavioral models. Kids play with toy soldiers but nobody thinks that this teaches them violence. Video games cannot be considered violent in relation to age, gender, socio-cultural belonging, and educational level. The reaction to the games content depends on the individuals personal traits. Girls do not react with greater arousal to violent content than boys. At least, no research has found any significant difference. It is unlikely that performing violent actions during the play may cause aggression in kids. Although Grand Theft Auto 3 was banned in Australia because of its graphic violence, it does not mean that it could have influenced the increase in crime rates. The problem is that minors often have uncontrolled access to adult games with violent content. Boys aged 7-12 like action adventure. They develop killing instinct only in virtual games but also in the games they play outdoors. Nevertheless, childrens exposure to violent content targeted at mature video gamers should be restricted by their parents and caregivers. I am defending video gaming on behalf of long-time gamers whose hobby has not turned them into psycho-terminators. Video gamers live in their own world of established video game rules, and they wish they could play safely without being disturbed. Were in the habit of regulating our most innocent activities.

Musics Effects On The Brain Music Essay

Musics Effects On The Brain Music Essay Music is a world renowned language that all can understand. From Australia to the deepest jungles of Africa, music is associated in peoples everyday lives. Music can be heard anywhere and everywhere: the grocery store, the gym, in the car, at work, at school, on the television, etc. Not only is music applied for entertainment but it can also be used for story telling, learning, religious rituals and medical therapy. Today, it is not uncommon for music to be used as a medicine for Parkinsons, Alzheimers, depression, anxiety, stroke-victim recovery, stress, memory loss, and mental well-being. Musics effect on the brain is a very profound and mysterious topic. It is said that music influences the process of thinking and analyzing, making work more enjoyable and efficient. Studies have shown that music increases the amount of endorphins (a chemical released in the brain to reduce pain and provide a good feeling state) in the brain, initially, jump-starting the bodies healing process. As it distracts the attention from pain, it concurrently generates chemical behaviors that promote healing. Along with physical healing and mental effects, music impacts human emotions. Often, someone will listen to music when they are distraught, happy, need to focus, exercising, etc. Experiments show that music in a major key will cause a person to be happy, while the music in a minor key will bring sadder, depressed emotions. This paper will discuss how the music of major and minor keys differently effect human emotions. Emotions Throughout an average day, humans will experience one emotion after the other: sadness, happiness, frustration, anger, guilt, remorse, etc. But when one is asked the question what is an emotion? most find themselves dumbfounded. The answer to what is an emotion is not an easy one to answer. For centuries great minds have studied to answer this question but have yet to receive a definite answer. There are many reasons for this state of affairs. One reason is that emotions are difficult to define and measure. (Juslin and Sloboda 73). To be able to define emotions, theorists must know where emotions come from and how they are detectable. From a scientific perspective, emotions can be concluded from three types of evidence: self reports, expressive behavior and physiological development (Juslin and Sloboda 74). Self reports are a variety of surveys people will take to measure their emotions. Although this method is a first hand account of emotions, it still includes many problems such as the imperfect relationship between emotions and words that denote emotions, and the problem of choosing which words to include on checklists or scales (Juslin and Sloboda 74). The second type of evidence is expressive behavior which is the study of peoples emotion by their facial expression, vocalizations or body language (Juslin and Sloboda 74). The difficulty with this procedure is that not all emotions are visible by expressive features. The third type of evidence used to decipher emotions is physiological kinds of measurement; this includes measuring heart rate, blood pressure, muscle tension and much more. Many theorists have suggested definitions of emotions based off the previous three types of evidence. Based on a review of these definitions they proposed the following consensual definition (Kleinginna Kleinginna 1981, p. 355): Emotion is a complex set on interactions among subjective and objective factors, mediated by neural/hormonal systems, which can (a) give rise to affective experiences such as feelings of arousal, pleasure/displeasure; (b) generate cognitive processes such as perceptually relevant effects, appraisals, labeling processes; (c) activate widespread physiological adjustments to the arousing conditions; and (d) lead to behavior that is often, but not always, expressive, goal-directed and adaptive (Juslin and Sloboda 75). As seen in the previous definition, it is almost impossible to define emotions simplistically or even in one sentence. Tonality Like emotion, tonality is not an easy concept to grasp. For one, it is used in many different senses and areas of music. Also, tonality has been widely discussed amongst theorist as to what it is and its significance in Western music. One simple definition of tonality is a system for interpreting pitches or chords through their relationship to a reference pitch, dubbed the tonic. Once the tonic is established the relationship of this pitch to other pitches can be designated using scale-degree names or numbers (Huron 143). In other words, tonality is the organization of pitch. Referring to Western theorists, there are two types of tonalities: major and minor. The theory and use of major and minor tonality dominated Western culture between 1650 and 1900 (Forney 20). The tonality of a piece of music is determined by the scale used for the foundation of the music (Forney). A scale is a series of tones in ascending or descending order; may present the notes of a key (Forney A20). Because of the combination of intervals between notes in a scale, each scale has a special and unique sound. Major scales promote a feeling of happiness and cheerfulness while minor tones sound sad and dark A composer would not be likely to choose a minor key for a triumphal march, nor a major key for a lament (Forney 21). As stated earlier, the first note of the scale, the tonic, is used as a starting place Affects of Major Tonality on Human Emotions Musics effect on humans has been a hidden phenomenon for thousands of years. The emotional experience one has with music has always been enticing and misunderstood. Still, it is probably true that most people experience music-somehow, somewhere-everyday of their lives, often with an accompanying affective response of some sort (e.g. nostalgic recognition of a favourite song on the radio while driving a car, frustration directed at the music at the shops, joy while listening to an excellent performance at an evening concert, a sad mood created by the soundtrack of a late night movie) (Juslin and Sloboda 3). The goal of this section is to describe how the music from major tonalities influence human emotions. To sum up the affects of major tonality on human emotions is the results of David Hurons, author of Sweet Anticipation, experiment on the feeling evoked from listening to major scale degrees. Huron conducted his experiment by asking ten experienced Western-cultured musicians to describe the emotions they incorporate with different scale degrees from the major key. All ten musicians were given the following instructions: For each of the following scale degrees describe as best you can the distinctive quality or character of that tone. Describe how the tone makes you feel in as much detail as possible. Imagine the tones for the major key only. Please think of pitches rather than chords (Huron 144). The table below is the result of Hurons responses as displayed in his book Sweet Anticipation. Scale Tone Common Descriptors Sample Responses Tonic Stable, pleasure, home, contentment Stable, extremely satisfying, centered, foundational, solid, resolved, strong Raised tonic Strong, upward, bold Edgy, unstable, uncertain, upwardly, mobile, mildly precarious Lowered supertonic Surprise, abruptness, pause Somewhat dark, a sense of almost inevitable further descent, murky, unexpected richness, mild surprise Supertonic Solid, movement, resolve Hanging, dangling, transitory, moderate expectancy of more to come, part of a flow Raised supertonic Longing, unstable Needling, moderately harsh, jarring, unstable, off balance Mediant Bright, love, warmth, beauty Light, lifted, bright, point of many possible departures, yet also strongly restful, peaceful and calm Subdominant descending Akward, tentative, strong sense of being unfinished, Now what? no clear expectation of future, hanging feeling, would be happy to fall by half step Raised subdominant Intentional, motivated Moderately anxious, interrupted flow to dominant, somewhat curious about possibilities, fluidity, transitory Dominant Strong, muscular, balance, possibility, pleasant Strong, towering, height, sense of looking down from a tall building and being comfortable, but knowing youll eventually take to elevator back to the street level Raised dominant Leading, aspiring Leading to something, sense of implication, unfinished, leaning, mildly uncomfortable Submediant Balance, open, lightness Airy and open, temporary suspendedness, neutral, evokes mild curiosity in regard to direction Subtonic Falling, lightness, drifting downward, shifting Heavy, like walking with a limp, unexpected, open new possibilities, sheds a new light on things Leading tone Unstable, pointing, restless Sense of inevitably, highly unstable, uncomfortable, squirmy, itching, restless Hurons table provides direct and professional examples of emotions accompanied by scale degrees in the major key, now the question is what links these emotions to these particular scale degrees? Huron clusters the results into seven categories of the responses he received, certainty/ uncertainty, tendency, completion, mobility, stability, power and emotion (Huron 163). The certainty/ uncertainty category is the easiest to explain through statistical properties of music. Two scale tones were described as unexpected, surprising or abrupt- the lowered supertonic and the subtonic pitches (Huron 163). Because the supertonic and subtonic pitches appear the least out of all the scale tones the feeling of surprise or abruptness is normal. The category tendency describes the scale tones level of continuation, in other words, the tones ability to carry on with the melody or song at hand. The raised dominant and the leading tone were both described with words associated with tending or leading, -both tones that are statistically limited in their possible continuation tones (Huron 163). The completion category can also be described using statistical properties of music with relevance to the tonic and mediant pitches. Both pitches were described as restful indicating the pitches connection to the end or closure of musical phrases, allowing the listener to feel at rest or home-like. The fourth category, mobility, involves the supertonic and subtonic pitch. The supertonic was depicted as modern expectancy of more to come and the subtonic as like walking with a limp. Both pitches portray the act of moving but do not hold the same leading value as the tonic. The category of power, however, can not be easily described through the statistical properties of music. The raised tonic and dominant pitches were connected with words like jarring and harsh, creating the effect of power to the listener. The last category Huron describes is emotion. Terms like pleasure, beauty, and warmth, love, bright and pleasant are used to describe the tonic, mediant and dominant pitches. Negative hedonic terms like harsh, jarring, uncomfortable, and anxious were applied to tones such as the raised supertonic, the raised subdominant and the raised dominant (Huron 164). As made apparent from the table, positive emotions seem connected to frequently occurring tones with closure (Huron 164). A peculiar fact about tonality is that different tones can suggest different and specific emotions. Even a tone in one given context can have a completely different effect in another context. There are several factors attributed to why scale degrees in the major scale cause the listener to feel a variety of emotions, one of them being the predictability of a tone. When a tone has a high rate of predictability, the experience for the listener is more positive The most predictable tones and tone sequences tend to be experienced as the most pleasant- especially if listeners are not consciously aware of the high predictability (Huron 173). The most predictable structural feature in music is cadences. Cadences are the place of rest in a musical phrase. A cadence can either end in the middle of a melody, called an inconclusive cadence, causing the ending to feel dissonant. Meanwhile, a cadence can also end at the end of a melody, creating a consonant ending call a conclusive cadence. Music theorists have long observed that cadences tend to be organized in a stereotypical fashion. It is not simply the final note of the cadence that is predictable; the final note is often approached in a characteristic of formulaic manner (Huron 154). Cadences, however are not the only feature that increase the feeling of uncertainty Another feature is the increase in uncertainty that commonly follows after the closure point (Huron 156). So not only is there high predictability before the cadence but after as well. Listeners are more apt to forebode predictability with points of disruption or closure. Music in Silent Movies (To be changed) Silent Movies In todays movies there is barely ever a silent moment. For example, while actors are walking down the street multiple sounds can be heard: the actors dialogue, the sound of footsteps, cars screeching down the road, birds chirping, etc. There is constant noise in current movies, never allowing for one second of silence. In 1890s to the late 1920s silent films were prominent among towns and cities in the United States. Although they are called silent movies, they are far from silent. Characteristics of silent films include: little or no dialogue (if there was dialogue it was written in pamphlets and given to the audience), usually black and white, live orchestras and sometimes live narrators or actors. Because there was no recorded dialogue, silent films relied heavily on the acting of actors and the music to set the mood and tone for the film. Most actors were required to over act to be able to convey the emotions across the camera without verbal help. Actors like Charlie Chaplin, Buster Keaton, Clara Bow, and Blanche Sweet were all prominent in silent films and were used to portray the emotions the audience longed for. Genres of silent films include comedies, westerns, horror, science fiction, documentaries, series, animates, epics and experimental films. Like the actors in silent films, music played an essential role in this movie era, As silent cinema developed, and especially after c.1912, music came to play a crucial role in shaping and conditioning the viewers response to moving pictures (Cooke 5). Musicians were needed to write scores for the films that would effect peoples emotions the same way words would. The music was needed to take the audience through the story emotionally, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..music, by its very physical presence, created a sense of three-dimensionality singularly lacking in the projected image: while the film was projected from the rear of the hall to the screen at the front, so music played at the front was projected backwards over the audience and through a kind of transference or slippage between sound and image, the depth created by the sound is transferred to the flat surface image (Kalinak 1992, 44). (Cooke 6). Silent films were seen as an art form that had never been tried before. It was new technology that everyone was fascinated in learning and perfecting The silent era was a period of immense creativity, and there seems to be no end to its surprises (Brownlow XI). Silent films have been and will be longed cherished as timeless classics. Unfortunately, ninety percent of the films made during the silent era have disintegrated due to the use of nitrate film (Scorsese IX). Organizations like the National Film Registry and the Library of Congress work to preserve these movies and prevent any further losses. Charlie Chaplin As stated previously, Charlie Chaplin was a famous actor and director of silent films. Charlie Chaplin was born on April 16, 1889 in London, England. Charlie was born into fame, both his parents being renowned vocalists and actors. Appearing in small rolls for films like The Eight Lancashire Kids and Sherlock Holmes, Chaplin began his career before the age of fourteen I went home on the bus dazed with happiness, and began to get the full realization of what happened to me. I had suddenly left behind a like of poverty and was entering a long desired dream-a dream my mother had often spoken about, had reveled in. I was to become an actor! (Chaplin 78). Chaplin continued his career through vaudeville, which brought him to the United States where in 1913 he signed with the Keystone Film Company, making thirty-five films. From 1915 on, Chaplin directed his own movies and the popularity of his baggy-trousered tramp character earned him a million-dollar contract with First National in 1917 (Cooke 27). While working under First National, Chaplin made the films Shoulder Arms in 1918, The Kid in 1921 and The Pilgrim in 1923. In his later years, Chaplin focused away from directing and dabbled in music, sports and writing. Charlie Chaplin was a self-taught musician and wrote music for many of his films, for example Sing a Song, Eternally and With You Dear in Bombay. Chaplin also authored four books: My Autobiography, My Trip Abroad, A Comedian Sees the World and My Life in Pictures. Charlie Chaplin died Christmas day in 1977 at the age of seventy-eight. Over Charlie Chaplins career he was able to convey to the audience any character he wished Chaplins range of characters was extraordinary: he could be a waiter, a down-and-outer turned cop, a hapless immigrant, a vagrant violinist, a soldier- all with equal conviction (Kobel 59). Being the chameleon that Chaplin was, he spoke to the audience through his characters; appealing to peoples emotions and desires. (More sources and information to be added) How Major Tonalitys Effect on Human Emotion is used in Chaplins Movie

Gods and Generals Essay -- Essays Papers

Gods and Generals The American Civil War was a military conflict between the United States of America (the Union), and 11 secessionist Southern states, organized as the Confederate States of America (the Confederacy). It was the culmination of four decades of intense sectional conflict and it reflected deep-seated economic, social, and political differences between the North and the South. Many books have been written on this â€Å"first modern war† describing how over 620,000 men were killed. Jeff Shaara goes deeper and explores the personal conflicts of four historical figures, two from the South and two from North: General Lee, General Jackson, Colonel Chamberlain, and Hancock. Robert E. Lee’s story began with a dilemma; he had to decide whether to stay to fight with the army he has been serving for 30 years or to resign and go to Virginia to defend his home. Life in the army had ruined his life, â€Å"He had missed a father’s great joy of watching his children grow and learn... [and] try not to think about what his career had done to his family.† (Pg. 11) Throughout Part 1, Lee feels something missing from inside him: the feeling of action, of war. While in Texas, General Winfield Scott asks Lee to serve as second in command of the Union Army, but due to the possibility that Virginia could also secede, he declines. Still yearning for action, he accepts the command of the Provisional Army, the defense forces for the state of Virginia. He goes on to recruit Major Thoma...

The Poverty and Obesity Epidemic Essay -- Poor, Obesity

In the United States, as of 2001, 34% of the population was overweight. (Townsend) Overweight and obesity would seem to be problems associated with the United State’s wealth and more than sufficient food supply. Much attention in recent years has been paid to people becoming more physically fit and changing their diets to become healthier. Gastric bypass surgery has become a popular choice for people trying to overcome extreme obesity. The operation limits â€Å"food intake by creating a narrow passage from the upper part of the stomach into the larger lower part, reducing the amount of food the stomach can hold and slowing the passage of food through the stomach.† (NIDDK) The presence of this emphasis on health and nutrition would seem to be the solution to our nation’s obesity problem. However of the population with moderate food insecurity, 52% were overweight. (Townsend) Food insecurity exists when the availability of nutritionally adequate and safe foods or the ability to acquire acceptable foods in socially acceptable ways is limited or uncertain. Over half of the United State’s population with a threat of hunger is overweight. Why would obesity be more prevalent amongst this group of people with fewer resources? Dieting and surgery do not address the problems of the economic groups with the most severe weight and nutrition problems. Surgery is expensive, and people with limited resources are not likely to buy expensive health foods when there are cheaper alternatives that satisfy hunger. The â€Å"Dollar Menu† at McDonald’s is certainly less expensive than preparing a wellbalanced meal. Another reason for obesity in lower income groups is a theory called the â€Å"food stamp cycle† hypothesis. Food stamps and most paych... ...urity and Obesity in Rural Women http://ruralwomenshealth.psu.edu/s05_colson-cbove.html Task Force for the Bishops’ Initiative on Children and Poverty. Community with Children and the Poor. Nashville, Tennessee: Cokesbury, 2003. Townsend, Marilyn S., Janet Peerson, Bradley Love, cheryl Achterberg, and Suzanne P. Murphy (2001). â€Å"Food Insecurity is Positively Related to Overweight in Women.† Journal of Nutrition, 131, 1738-1745. The American Society for Nutritional Sciences. http://www.nutrition.org/cgi/content/full/131/6/1738 U.S. Conference of Mayors – Seduxho USA. Hunger and Homelessness Survey 2004. 3-5,42 http://www.usmayors.org/uscm/hungersurvey/2004/onlinereport/HungerAndHomelessness Report2004.pdf Weil, Andrew. Eating Well for Optimum Health. New York: Random House, 2000. Willet, Walter C. Eat Drink and Be Healthy. New york: Simon & Schuster, 2001.

Hotel Managers and Stuff Essay

Hotel industry is very popular, and as I think it will exist as long as people will. Traveling- has always been one of the most popular entertainment. Of course it has changed in past view years. But one thing will never change Customer service- is hotels money. People are paying money for being well served. Customers are like children, you always must take good care about them. Hotels differ by the stars. More stars hotel has, the price of the hotel is more expensive. But it does mean that services will be the best. People, because of good service, stay in hotels longer. They like being cared, and sometimes instead of going home, they prefer stay in hotel. Where they don’t have to do house work, don’t have to cook, or worry about anything. Hotel managers and stuff should always put their visitors on first place. As it is said â€Å"That one who pays is right† For businesses, the hospitality is crucial that as a potential customer takes the quality of the services market, that is, when considering the concept of â€Å"quality† in the centre of attention is the individual consumer. The concept of â€Å"quality† from a position of consumers considered by many authors. Some are suited to this concept as follows: â€Å"Quality – is the satisfaction of consumer expectations for the price he can afford when it became necessary. High quality – exceeding consumer expectations for a lower price than he suggests. † In assessing the quality of service consumers to compare what he gave, that he might seek. Expected service represents the expected quality and can relate to individual desires and standards of consumers, with the objective to the expectations, or any other standard of comparison. Evaluation of the service depends on the experience of treatment to producers of such services, from the knowledge services market communication (information from the advertising, media, catalogues, brochures), the personal desires of the consumer and the manufacturer’s image. Screening perception means that the same service is perceived by all its customers in different ways, by their nature, personality, interests, personal qualities, knowledge, and situations in which the consumption of services. Perception of quality may at the time of consumption to adapt to the expectations formed. If the perceived quality deviates slightly from expectations, the consumer adjusts to fit their perception of expectations. But if the perceived service is not fully up to expectations, there is a contrast effect: higher expectations reinforce negative perceptions. That’s why Hotel should always match its description. And do not have to â€Å"embellish† Delivering quality service it is one of the major challenges facing hospitality managers in the opening years of the next

Toyota Just in Time

Contents Particulars Page no. 1. 0) Introduction 2. 1) Company History 2. 2) Aim 2. 3) Objectives 2. 4) Organizational chart 2. 0) Problem Identification 3. ) Quantitative 2. 1. 1) Quality and design problem 2. 1. 2) Design problem 2. 1. 3) Welding problem 2. 1. 4) stalling problem 2. 2) Quantitative problem 2. 2. ) production problem 2. 2. 2) Recession problem 2. 2. 3) Accelerated problem 3. 0) operational concepts 3. 1) Quality 3. 2) ISO 9000/ISO 14000 3. 3) Just in time 3. ) Lean production 4. 0) Investigation 5. 0) analytical report 6. 0) conclusion 7. 0) references Summary: In the course of Operational management and Organization module, this assignment is about the Toyota Company, this one of the biggest automobile manufacture company.Here the author is discussing about the organization chart, aim of this assignment is that, quality of operational management that is useful in any business, and objectives are to investigate the problem identification and other operation al concepts like quality of the products from Toyota, its Just in time, Lean production policies and the ISO 9000/ISO14000 Certification, investigating the problems via drawing the Fishbone diagram, Questionnaires and analyzing the result with drawing the Pie charts. 1. 0 Introduction:In this assignment author is discussing about the quality within the organization area within a case study method. Here author considered as a case study. Toyota Company was founded by sakichi Toyoda with the name Toyoda spinning and weaving limited in 1918. In mid 1950’s it was introduced in the international market. Toyota is the largest automobile manufacturers in the world. Toyota sold 9 million models in 2006; this achievement is obtained by the companies aim toward the customer satisfaction. 1. 1 Company History: In 1937 Toyota motor company was established as a spin-off from Toyoda automatic room works.In 1947 Toyota launched its first small car after 3 years at the time of 1950’s it faced enormous financial crisis and also it experienced strike from the employees. In 1959 the Company launched first manufactured division in Brazil outside the Japan. (web1: http://www. breakeryard. com/cars/history/TOYOTA. aspx) Toyota shifted their head quarters to Hollywood in the year 1957, after a decade of time Toyota became the new established company in the United States. In the 1965 Toyota won â€Å"Deming Application prize for quality control†. ( web2: http://www. toyoland. com/history. tml ) In 1982 Toyota Motor Co. Ltd and Toyota Sales Co. Ltd are merged as Toyota Motor Corporation. 1989 Toyota started their manufacturing operations in Europe as well as in United Kingdom. Today Toyota is ranked world’s third place in the manufacturing of automotives in the sense of unit and net sales. ( web3: http://www2. toyota. co. jp/en/history/) 1. 2 Aim: In any company success in the operational management and organizations quality of products plays a major role. The main aim of this assignment in the quality of operational management that is useful in any business.Here author considered Toyota Company as an assignment. 1. 3 Objectives: The one of the main objective of the assignment to investigate the operational and organizational problems involved in the strategies that are appropriate to solve these problems and finally that evaluate the outcome of these strategies. In this assignment author discussing about the history of the company, organization chart, problems identification through the quantitative objectives that is machinery problems, qualitative subjective which are involves in the management processes.Next stage of the assignment is that, the way in which quality is applying in the organization, operational areas for the organizations like quality of the products from the Toyoto company, ISO 9000/ISO14000, detailed theory about the just in time and lean productions etc. 2. 0 Problem Identification: As the automobile industry Toy ota facing many problems to be discussed meanwhile these are the minute problems. These problems are crucial role customer satisfaction; on the other hand Toyota Company rectified these problems in time. 2. 1 Quantitative: 2. 1. Quality and design problems: Oil sludge problem: The engine excessive heat makes oil susceptible to sludge. Toyota Sienna XLE 2000 model car engine affected by the sludge problem. 2. 1. 2 Design Problem: The size of the cooling passages to cylinder heads in the Sienna XLE 2000 model to increase combination temperatures for more of a complete burn to reduce exhaust emissions. Excessive heat makes oil more susceptible to sludge the measurement cylinder head temperatures as high as 260 degrees in sienna XLE 2000 model this is 30 degrees higher than the earlier models. . 1. 3 Welding problem: Toyota introduced the redesigned Avalen in 2005, in this vehicle in U-Joint welding problem aroused due to the fault fitting of catalytic converters. The oil surrey leakage in aroused, for this problem Toyota correlate with an bags and the steering column on same Avalens. 2. 1. 4 Stalling problems: There is a stalling problems are involving in the Toyota corolla and Matrix models. The national highway traffic safety administration is investigated on 397,000 vehicles. There are some complaints about the mice of the new electronic control module. web: http://wheels. blogs. nytimes. com/2009/12/07/stalling-problems-on-toyota-corolla-and-matrixes-leads-to-investigation/) 2. 2 Qualitative Problems: Toyota Company solved their problem, creates future planning helps people with doing their works with A3 report. It describes the current situation of the problem, it identifies the desired outcome, and in this process problem solving is very transparent. (web: http://www. rallydev. com/agileblog/2009/07/learning-from-toyotas-secret-the-a3-report/) 2. 2. 1 Production problems:In recent years Toyota company introduced Prius Hybrid vehicle. The rapid growth and th e success of this car in market for this reason Toyota unable to produce the deliveries to the customers in the mean time sales of the other companies have been fall down. 2. 2. 2Recession problem: As many of the giant automobile industries Toyota faced the world recession with the huge fall in the sales as well as company growth. 2. 2. 3 Management failed to detect the acceleration problem: The sudden acceleration is likely due to the malfunctioning of the gas pedals.The sudden acceleration rose up to five times than the previous years. The Toyota failed to detect this problem in time, on the other hand they didn’t took the precautions and service to the customers. 3. 0 Operational concepts: 3. 1) Quality: According to Kodak ‘quality is those products and services that are received to meet or exceed the need and expectations of the customer at a cost that represents outstanding value’. (Harold Kerzner, P823, 2006). Kodak Five Quality Principle: Leadership and cu stomer FocusContinuous Improvement Analytical Approach Team work Founder of Toyota Corporation, Kichiro Toyoda said that â€Å"From now on I want everybody to their efforts together and write in finding a way to make superior vehicles†. To achieve the total quality, continuous improvement is the best principle. Toyota is following these types of strategies to maintain quality from this type of commitments real benefits can be obtained with the help of† independent customer surveys† we can conclude that Toyota is following the quality .Euro NCAP awarded five stars in the safety tests. For Toyota quality is not just a promise, it is a way of life. (web: http://www. toyotaegypt. com. eg/quality/index. asp ) In production of products, Toyota considering economically and standard quality a key fact which are exceeds the customer needs for customer satisfaction to Toyota allowing â€Å" Company wide quality control†, there employees must do two things they are th eir own job and quality assurance. (web: http://www. toyotauk. om/main/download/pdf/Our%20approach%20to%20quality. pdf) In Toyota, quality can be applying based upon the two principles; they are building quality at every stage and continually improving quality standards. Toyota is giving trying to the employees in visual control and indication of current status and identifying the problems, here Toyota employees are very much aware about the passing of un-quality products to the next stage. (web: http://www. toyotauk. com/main/how-we-manufacture/)Toyota maintaining quality by some strategies, they are, it encourages employees to participation of active roles in quality maintenance; it is utilizing the ideas of the employees in production processes and participating KAIZEN motivating for measurement. (web: http://www. toyotageorgetown. com/qualdex. asp) 3. 2 ISO 9000 and ISO 14000: This section provides the information of ISO’s, generally known as management system standards. ISO 9000 is the process of quality management this can be awarded to the organization if they fulfill the certain requirements. . Companies must achieve customers’ quality requirements. 2. They have to follow the regulatory requirements. 3. Companies have to fulfill the customer satisfaction. 4. Organizations have to be continuously improving their quality of products. ISO 14000 is known as â€Å"Environmental management† introduces to get the ISO 14000 certification, Companies must achieve the following activities. 1. They should minimize the environmental pollution by their activities. 2. To achieve continual improvement of its environmental performance. (web: http://www. iso. rg/iso/iso_catalogue/management_standards/iso_9000_iso_14000. htm) In 1991, Toyota (GB) achieved compliance with the quality standard BS 5750, which is later became ISO 9001. This is awarded for the fulfilling requirements for quality management System, this company achieved the regularity need s, it fulfills the customer satisfaction and Toyota Company is continuously improving their product performance. In 1999, because of their responsibility towards the environment, Toyota company awarded ISO 14001 certification for fulfilling the requirements for are manufactured ites. In 1999, new health and safety certificate OHSAS 18001 was also launched and Toyota achieved the requirements and it awarded OHSAS 18001. Entropy international is a kind of software solution that improves environmental, social and economic performance, there by contributing to global sustainability. Manager of the corporate compliance, Toyota plc, Richard burgers, said that† It was clear that rowing the entropy system was a significant contributory factor in our achieving triple certifications to ISO 9001, ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001†. web: http://www. entropy-international. com/about/customers/by-corporate/documents/Toyota-Case-Study. pdf) 3. 3 Just in time: The meaning of just in time is to do the work different things to different people, it is the operational management approach for minimizing waste in operations, and this can be useful for the improvement of efficiency and product quality, practically just in time is the more than operational, tactical or strategic approach to running an operation. John R. Olson, 1999) The efficiency of Toyota, and other Japanese companies are follows Just in time procedure in addition they associates Toyota Quality Control(TQC) practice, in 1948 Toyota implemented JIT by Ono Taiichi. After fifteen years it spread all over the shops and plants and on words all Japanese implemented this procedure. ( Jane Marceau, 1992)Just in time production is a process, in which Toyota implement to having parts ready just as they are needed, instead of maintaining inventories across an assembly plants and in ware houses, this process is useful in cost savings by less capital from this company gains an inventory with this system, there is an one mor e advantage with this method, that is, from this company can increase their functionality or in other words, they can reduce cost, due to this they can complete their engineering works very quickly, since there is no need to clear the storage parts and troubles with the individual components can be investigate more quickly because they are using at the time of they made. (http://www. toyoland. com/toyota/production-system. html) 3. 4 Lean production: Toyota invented â€Å"Lean production† it is also known as the â€Å"Toyota Production System† or TPS).According to lean Enterprise Institute, lean production can be defined as â€Å"A business for organizing and managing product development, operations, suppliers, and customer relations that requires less human effort, less space, less capital and less time to make products with fever defects to practice customer desires, compared with the previous system†. Toyota lean production aim is to products, with the lowest cost, in the short period of time with eliminating the waste. Toyota mainly focuses on the duties and jobs of their workers, who are ready, add value to the cars, TPS is associated with other three foundations, just in time, built in quality and respect towards the employees. According to James Womack and Dan Jones there are five steps to achieve the lean thinking, they are 1) Specify value from the stand point of the end customer. 2) Identification of the value creating steps towards the customer. ) To create the value creating steps towards the customer. 4) Companies have to pull their customers from the next upstream activity. 5) At last following the above procedures companies can achieve the excellence. ( Robert Charlie,2005) 4. 0 Investigation: The Questionnaire prepared based on studying the management strategies of the Toyota organization. The quantitative and qualitative problems in the Toyota company are discussed with JIT, ISO, Lean production. Based these problems the a uthor prepared the questionnaire related to these topics. The questionnaire as follows 4. 1 Questionnaire: 1) Are you satisfied with the management strategies in the Toyota Company? Yes or No. ) In your opinion is Toyota reaching the customer expectations? a) Completely b) Satisfactory c) Partially d) No 3) Qualities of the manufacturing products are reaching the standards of ISO? Yes or NO. 4) Just in time method is very useful in the process of manufacturing. True or False. 5) In Toyota â€Å"Lean production† system is giving more advantages to the company. Yes or NO. 6) Toyota Company taking more cares about the customer health and safety precautions. Yes or NO. 7) Is recession effecting on the sales of the company products? Yes or No. 8) What are the customer service responses when giving complaints about the products? a) Excellent b) Good ) Satisfactory d) Poor 9) Service provided by the local Toyota store is good. Yes or No 10) In sum Toyota company products are reliabl e and trusted? Yes OR NO. 5. 0 Analysis of results: The Author prepared 10 questions for this survey he passed this questionnaire to 15 members in that 8 persons responded. By those results authos analysed their responces and he explained in the form of Pie charts. Question No: 1. Are you satisfied with the management strategies in the Toyota Company? Yes or No. This question addresses the management strategies towords the Toyota company development in the form of production quality marketing customer needs.By passing the questionnaires to 8 respondents for the survey in that 6 persons that is 75% said that they are satisfied with the company strategies, 25% of the participents said that they are unsatisfied with the management. Question 2: In your opinion is Toyota reaching the customer expectations? e) Completely f) Satisfactory g) Partially h) No This question addresses the Toyota company total customer satisfaction o the Toyota company. The total respondents for this survey is 8 members in that 6 members that is 75% of the respondents said that they are satisfied with Toyota product. 12. 5% respondents said that they are patially satisfied. Question 3: Qualities of the manufacturing products are reaching the standards of ISO? Yes or NO. This question addresses the quality standards of the Toyota company and it’s ISO certification.Out of the 8 respondents 6 members said that Toyota reched the ISO 9000 quality and 25% of the respondents said no for the ISO standars. Question 4: Just in time method is very useful in the process of manufacturing. True or False. Toyota Company introduced this JIT method all the members in the survey responded positively so the results will be 100% True. Question 5: In Toyota â€Å"Lean production† system is giving more advantages to the company. Yes or NO. Based on the survey the respondents out of 8 members 7 persons that is 87. 5% are said that lean production giving more advantages to the Toyota company and 12. 5% of respondents are gave their opinion they don’t.Question 6: Toyota Company taking more cares about the customer health and safety precautions. Yes or NO. The Toyota Company taking much care about their product in the sense of health and safety this question is also about this topic itself. Out of 8 respondents 5 persons that is 62. 5% persons said that they are fully satisfied with the policies of the Toyota company. 37. 5% of the respondents said that they have some complaints about the Toyota products in the sense of health and safety. Question 7: Is recession effecting on the sales of the company products? Yes or No. Recession is effecting in every field since last 2 years in that manufacturing industry is also one of them.By passing the questionnaire to 8 people in that half of them said that Toyota company suffering from recession. Question 8:What are the customer service responses when giving complaints about the products? e) Excellent f) Good g) Satisfactory h) Po or For any company success customer care plays a major role here author tried to investigate the responces given by the participants towards the customer service in Toyota company. In that 62. 5 % said that customer service centre is working excellent and 37. 5% of the respondents feel good, satisfactory and poor as equally. Question 9: Service provided by the local Toyota store is good. Yes or NoLocal store service plays a crucial role in the product marketing and they are the key role in the company bricks. Here author tried to know the local store service and their working ability with customers and vehicles. Out of the 8 members 62. 5% people feel that local store service is good and 37. 5% said no. Question No 10: sum Toyoto company products are reliable and trusted? Yes OR NO. Toyota is the most trusted company all over the world on the other hand minute problems with the products in the company are negative factors for the management. Here75% the people responded towards the Toyota they feel good. 6. 0 Conclusions: To conclude that Toyota organization is not developed in a day or a year.Years of smart and hard work of the many people in the organization with the variety of strategies they are now on the heights. Through this work I have learned the organizations building structure, problems faced by the organization, and importance of the quality in an organization. The organizational strategies importance and the problem solving through the techniques and strategies like JIT( Just In Time) Lean production, the importance of the ISO certification in a organizations in the quality concern. To improve the product quality, efficiency and high content of the product with less time and low cost to get these things with JIT process.By preparing the questionnaire I have learned more things like how the problems occurred in the organizations, the identification of the problems, the problems varieties like quantitative and qualitative and problem solving. The ma in thing I have learned from this work the problems solving in an organization with the strategies. Recommendations: As an organization Toyota thinking one step ahead than the other companies on the other hand the defects and some draw backs in the engines as well as designing to be improved. The crucial part of the organization is the customer satisfaction. The minute complaints should be considered and taking care of that particular problem. References: ) Schniederjans,. John R. Olson(1999) Advanced topics in Just in time. 2) Robert C (2005) Improving health care using Toyota lean production method. 3) Jane Marcean (1992) Reworking the world: oganisations, technologies and cultures in competitive perspectives. 4) Harold Kerzer (2006) Project management: A system to planning, scheduling and controlling 5) Available at http://www. toyotauk. com/main/download/pdf/Our%20approach%20to%20quality. pdf accessed on 09-01-10 6) Available at http://www. entropy-international. com/about/custo mers/by-corporate/documents/Toyota-Case-Study. pdf accessed on 07-01-10 7) Available at http://www2. toyota. co. p/en/history/ accessed on 06-01-10 8) Available at http://www. iso. org/iso/iso_catalogue/management_standards/iso_9000_iso_14000. htm 9) Available at http://www. toyoland. com/history. html accessed on 07-01-10 10) Available at http://www. breakeryard. com/cars/history/TOYOTA. aspx accessed on 10-01-10 11) Available at http://www. toyotageorgetown. com/qualdex. asp accessed on 10-01-10 12) Available at http://www. toyotaegypt. com. eg/quality/index. asp accessed on 07-01-10 13) Available at http://www. strategosinc. com/just_in_time. htm accessed on 08-01-10 14) Available at http://www. toyoland. com/toyota/production-system. html accessed

Belmont Report

Ethics are an important aspect of doing any n’ everything in one’s life. Be it your daily routine tasks/chores or your job or business environment. We should keep our integrity intact by providing consistency in goods & service. Secondly we should also abide by the regulations and restrain from un-ethical practices during any phase of our businesses in a socially responsible manner so that we can inculcate a sound business environment with least implication and externalities towards the surroundings.Overview:The Belmont Report states the duties of the National Commission on Health about different types of business practices and the ethical issues involved. The report provides a guideline as to how to prevent issues which harm the elements of the environment (including animals). Following are some major targets of the report; ? The basic ethical principles that should be taken into consideration while conducting any type of biomedical and/or behavioral research which inv olves any human subjects. ? To develop the guidelines to be complied so as to assure the particular research study is being conducted in accordance with those principles.The commission was also directed to consider; ? The boundaries between biomedical and behavioral research and the accepted and routine practice of medicine, ? The role of assessment of risk-benefit criteria in the determination of the appropriateness of research involving human subjects, ? Appropriate guidelines for the selection of human subjects for participation in such research, & ? The nature and definition of informed consent in various research settings (Folkman, 2000). Nonetheless scientific research has often produced substantial benefits to the society.It has also raised some problematic ethical questions. Public awareness grew on these issues due to reported abuses of human subjects in certain biomedical experiments (Saunders, 2004). This involved the physicians and scientists who had conducted biomedical experiments on war prisoners. This led to the legislation being made about any type of research involving human subjects that it would be carried out in an ethical manner. Three traditionally accepted principals regarding the implications are; Respect for Persons:Respect for a person includes two ethical convictions i. e. the individuals should be treated as autonomous elements/agents and that people with diminished autonomy should be given protection. Beneficence: Respect for people as individuals isn’t enough. We should also be considering making efforts to secure the well being of individuals. Justice: No individual or group of individual should be denied justice with regard to their right to have it. The benefit therefore to all individuals should be given in a ‘just’ manner without any bias and/or discrimination. Conclusion:Thus the Belmont Report provides a complete and detailed guideline to direct the way how research is being conducted and experimentatio n been done on any of the human subjects and strictly attempts the organizations to abide by it. References 1. Saunders William L. (2004) Lethal experimentation on human beings: Roe's effect on bioethics: An article from: Fordham Urban Law Journal. 2. Engelhardt H. Tristram (1988) The Use of Human Beings in Research: With Special Reference to Clinical Trials: Springer. 3. Folkman Susan (2000) Ethics in Research With Human Participants: American Psychological Association.

Wireless Communications and Networksright

Assignment 1 Wireless Communications and Networksright 6156960 Name : Sikandar ALI. Roll no. : FA14-BCS-095. Section: A. Submitted to : Sir aMMAR YASIR. Date : 2nd March , 2018.1000000 Name : Sikandar ALI. Roll no. : FA14-BCS-095. Section: A. Submitted to : Sir aMMAR YASIR. Date : 2nd March , 2018. Communication is a Latin word which means â€Å"sharing†. It means sharing some data or information from one place to another or with someone. The main source of communication is language. There are some other ways for communicating like:The use of Symbols.Road signs for the movement of vehicles.In military defense, we use secret codes for confidential communication. Types of Communication: There are three types of communication:Verbal Communication.Non-Verbal Communication.Visual Communication.Verbal Communication:The communication which is in formal way to exchange or communicate from one person to another. It has further two types:Written Communication: The communication which is in written form like documents , emails , chats , SMS. This kind of communication is also used in business proposal, issusing legal instructions contracts, memes. To make effective written communication, it depends on vocabulary, styles, clarity and also grammer.Oral Communication: The communication which is face to face of spoken words. It could also be on phone call, audio/video call and also video conference through internet. People give interviews to international companies for job on Skype. It could be formal or informal communication. Formal Communication: The communication in which conferences, lectures takes place.Informal Communication: The communication in which gossips with friends, crack jokes takes place.Non-Verbal communication:The communication which is in formal way to exchange or communicate from one person to another. This communication can be done by body language which includes facial expressions, eye contact, body posture, gestures and others. But the most common of all is facial expressions.Visual Communication:A communication in which an idea or information that can be read or viewed by using visual aids like drawing, signs, typography, graphic design and other electronic devices. The profit and loss of business can be view by graphs or charts through which employees can present the profit and loss of business very easily.Wireless Communication:A communication in which data or information can be send or receive without any cables or wires to another device. The information is transmitted through air by electromagnetic waves like radio frequency, infrared, satellite and much more. Now there are variety of devices and technologies ranging from smartphones to laptops, tablets, printers, bluetooth, Wi-Fi, 3G and 4G etc. Types of Wireless Communication: There are three types of Wireless Communication:Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN).Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN).Wireless Metropolitan Area Network (WMAN). Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN):The system which connect two devices at very short range. They must be very close to each other usually in the same room. Bluetooth: It is two way communication between two devices which could be place very close to each other for sharing data or any information. It is very efficient reducing the wires like connect a mouse with computer, headphones, MP3 and cellphones etc. Infrared (IR) Wireless Communication: In this system, data or information is carried over infrared waves between two points. The frequency range is in between the microwave and visible light. These are very small range of distance like TV remote and AC remote. Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN):It is local area network which connects two or more transceivers by using a wireless device. It covered the house or small offices under the WLAN.Wi-Fi: A system that is related to computer networking. In this, we need wired connection of internet with guided router which connects to other devices like mobile, laptops, tablets and LED TV. It's range is generally one home or small offices. If we use in large campus or hospitals then we use range extender to make the range much more and cover the whole area under the network. Wireless Metropolitan Area Network (WMAN):It is the communication network which have to covered the large areas , states or countries to communicate with each other. For this purpose, we use satellite communication or transmission tower to communicate with other very long range places and take care by service provider. Satellite Communication:An artificial satellite that provide us facilities for communication as radio, television, telephones transmission and communicate with other countries by video or audio calling, texting and so on.The heart of a satellite communication system is a satellite based antenna in a stable orbit above the Earth. There are many satellites that relays on the space to communicate with each other as serve as relay station in space. The antenna station on near the Earth are referred to as â€Å"Earth Stations†. A transmission from an Earth station to the satellite is referred as â€Å"Uplink†. A transmission from satellite to an Earth station is referred as â€Å"Downlink†. The component in satellite which takes an uplink and convert into downlink signals is known as â€Å"Transponder†. There are number of ways of categorizing satellite communication:-Coverage Area:It covers the global, regional and national. The larger the area of coverage, the more satellites must be involved in a single networked system.Service Type:Fixed service satellite, broadcast service satellite and mobile service satellite. General Usage:Commercial, Military, Amateur and Experimental.Protocols for Satellite Communication: The protocols for Satellite Communication are these:MPEG : It stands for Motion Picture Expert Group. It is the dominant standard used for TV encoding and transmission.IP : It stands for Internet Protocol. It is the entire family of data communication protocols which is popular for emails and web-browsing. Why use of Satellite Communication? We use satellite communication for television, telephones, navigations, business and finance, weather, safety, development and a lot of more. Let us take some scenario to show why we use satellite communication?Scenario:If we talk about television, you watch TV and there are hundred of channels on TV which are broadcast from many countries and there are some news channels, movies channels, drama channels, sports channels and also animated channels for children. People get to know about the situation of other countries through news if there will be no satellite then there will be no broadcast and no channel will appear on TV. If we talk about Telephones, we can call on airplanes through flight phone communication which is provided by satellites to communicate with rural areas. Also through satellite, we can make our audio and video calls and talk from one country to another. If we talk about navigators, when you like to visit a place with friends and family but you lost the way that which is the right one. So, you use navigator which is in your cellphone and connect it with GPS through satellite to know about your location which is very helpful to get the right path and you can easily reach to your destination without any problem. Advantages of Satellite Communication:It is use for wireless communication.It is use for navigation.It covers the wide area of region or country with one satellite It is also use for audio/video calls and for transmission of data.It is use for connecting small areas, broadcasting TV/radio and also tell us about weather situations.

Case WriteUp for Sunshine Foods Marketing

First, their motto: â€Å"As long as new products look like they will increase the company’s sales volume, they are introduced. † This is causing the company to take on too many products that don’t increase their revenues. It spreads them to thin and makes them too generic. Second, adding more products to use the unused areas of production. They need to do a cost analysis to see if using that unused production time has any cost/revenue benefit. Just because it is unused doesn’t mean that it will generate more money if it is used. Third, their contract states a grocer needs to carry at least 65 Sunshine Food items. This forces only large grocers to carry their items, which limits their market area. By limiting their market area to only large grocers they are unable to have price control and they are always competing against all of the other brands that the store carries. Sunshine’s lack of growth is primarily caused by their lack of specialization. If they can and freeze everything and anything then a consumer doesn’t see them as being â€Å"the best† in any product. Their lack of expansion into smaller stores is also holding back their growth. High overhead costs are created by Sunshine’s need to use every second of factory time. This is causing them to spend too much to create a product that returns very little. If their factories have that much unused time they should just close a few factories and focus on what is really important. Recommendations I would recommend that they first do a cost analysis on the products that they are producing. This will allow them to see which products sell the most and create the highest return. Once they know this information they need to produce more of those items and stop producing the items that aren’t helping their bottom line. Along with this, they will be able to identify which factories are the most efficient at producing those items. They can then close the slower factories and use the money to make the remaining factories more efficient. I would then have them change their contract to a much smaller number of items for stores to carry. If they lower their number to 25 items then they could sell items in more boutique shops that will have lower competition and higher prices. To really increase their profits they should pick a few â€Å"specialty† items and market themselves as having the best in those items. This will help them create more of a brand name, especially if they sell those items in the boutique shops. Case WriteUp for Sunshine Foods Marketing First, their motto: â€Å"As long as new products look like they will increase the company’s sales volume, they are introduced. † This is causing the company to take on too many products that don’t increase their revenues. It spreads them to thin and makes them too generic. Second, adding more products to use the unused areas of production. They need to do a cost analysis to see if using that unused production time has any cost/revenue benefit. Just because it is unused doesn’t mean that it will generate more money if it is used. Third, their contract states a grocer needs to carry at least 65 Sunshine Food items. This forces only large grocers to carry their items, which limits their market area. By limiting their market area to only large grocers they are unable to have price control and they are always competing against all of the other brands that the store carries. Sunshine’s lack of growth is primarily caused by their lack of specialization. If they can and freeze everything and anything then a consumer doesn’t see them as being â€Å"the best† in any product. Their lack of expansion into smaller stores is also holding back their growth. High overhead costs are created by Sunshine’s need to use every second of factory time. This is causing them to spend too much to create a product that returns very little. If their factories have that much unused time they should just close a few factories and focus on what is really important. Recommendations I would recommend that they first do a cost analysis on the products that they are producing. This will allow them to see which products sell the most and create the highest return. Once they know this information they need to produce more of those items and stop producing the items that aren’t helping their bottom line. Along with this, they will be able to identify which factories are the most efficient at producing those items. They can then close the slower factories and use the money to make the remaining factories more efficient. I would then have them change their contract to a much smaller number of items for stores to carry. If they lower their number to 25 items then they could sell items in more boutique shops that will have lower competition and higher prices. To really increase their profits they should pick a few â€Å"specialty† items and market themselves as having the best in those items. This will help them create more of a brand name, especially if they sell those items in the boutique shops.

Wireless Networks Communication Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Wireless Networks Communication - Research Paper Example In the recent past, last decade, wireless technology implementations have shifted the focus from the relatively small early adopters to a much larger group of organizations that use the technology to expand and comprehensively cover the networking capabilities and enhance their solicitation to their clientele. Majority of the existing organizations, commercial and non commercial, have in the very least installed wireless networks in their organizations. This comes in the form of simple open wireless technology with a wireless enabled switch, router etc. in a single room to rolling out large campus areas and few metropolitan area networks. Granted the continuing forecasts and advances for wireless technology applications, the era for implementing this technology in an organization is at hand. In order to have a successful wireless network implementation, different functional departments and divisions of a company must come together and support the effort. The already established playe rs, companies with the technology, have IT departments that have planned and designed the process as it would be expected. Beyond the IT personnel, which is by far a critical group, various other participants – customers, management, administrators, finance – are involved directly, with the stakeholders initiating the planning process (Sayre,2008). Whereas the practical requirements of the IT personnel largely influences the decisions in wireless technology implementation, organizations need make sure that the needs of other departments are also considered. The different factors cited as crucial in the decision to roll out wireless infrastructure must reflect the concerns and reservations of different departments and stakeholders in the business process (Rackley, 2008). The factors include, improved and more efficient network access, support for omnipresent network access, easier mobility for IT department and return on investment to the management of the company. Not all organizations may be able to address all stakeholders’ needs, but it is clear that having all stakeholders in the process is aesthetic. It is aesthetic in the sense that the technology will be well received by all users but only a few make the crucial decisions. The quality implementation standards of wireless technology are still developing. Dedicating all resources to a single approach in the early stages of planning for the network implementation can set the stage for untimely obsolescence. Determining the standards prior to moving to the technological implementation has to be moderated in the case of WLANS to allow for almost continued refinements. Currently, the largest share of (WLAN) organizations currently use the 902.11b standard for their networks; over half of those planning to go with the new networks are considering 802.11a. A small percentage of the upcoming are planning to implement Bluetooth, (PAN) Personal Area Network solutions. PCs are by tradition, on the heart of wireless enabled networks today. Considering this fact, it is also worth noting that the notebook PC is the device that is most commonly used in a wireless network connection. A large number of wireless networks, slightly over half, also support desktop workstations. Thinking beyond the PC is crucial in this day and age of wireless infrastructure. Personal digital assistants (PDAs), iPhones, and Wi-Fi enabled phones are most likely to be included in the mix since they support the wireless networks. Cell phones and PDAs aforementioned are far more mobile and portable than the traditional notebook computers. Clearly, WLANs have become far more cosmopolitan in the present technology. Considering thi

Automotive Industry in UK Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10000 words

Automotive Industry in UK - Coursework Example It is here that the researcher has chosen the automotive industry because it has one of the most used product, automobiles. Automotive manufacturing companies such as the Ford Motor Company, Hyundai Car (UK) Ltd, Toyota Manufacturing UK Ltd, and Nissan Motor Manufacturing (UK) Ltd will be the research correspondent. The companies will be analyzed based on their reported facts and figures as to productivity, competence and profitability. This paper aims to be a useful tool for those who are interested in investing into the said industry by looking to the financial ratios to be presented as to its profitability. It aims to be valuable aid for investment decisions. It also aims to be a useful related study to those who would want to perform such a similar analysis in the future. A study conducted by Ernst and Young, a world -respected accounting and auditing firm, shows that the United Kingdom is Europe's favorite destination in terms of monetary investments. After learning of this new research, Trade and Industry Secretary Stephen Byers announced that this is a "ringing endorsement" for foreign companies to set up shop in the United Kingdom. This recognition is when many EUROPEAN countries were made alternative choices. In fact, the Ernst and Young company's Investment Monitor Report shows that the UK had an increase in foreign investments by as much as thirteen percent in 1999. This UK ratio is double the investment increase in the European investment. Also, the market share of the foreign investments has also risen. The accounting firm explained their by findings by stating that there were two thousand two hundred forty three that entered into the European arena which represents a five percent increase in 1999. However, there were five hundred seventy fi ve investments that specifically reached the United Kingdom. This represents a chunky thirteen percent increase for from the prior year investments of only five hundred eight investments in this land of the King Arthur fame in the same year -1999. Further, the United Kingdom companies also invested in the other European countries to the tune of twenty six percent. This is a two percent increase investments (Autoindustry, 2ndMay 2001).In the article Development and Dependency in Southeast Asia: the Case of the Automotive Industry, the year 1988 saw the Malaysian national car, Proton, gain a seventy -three percent share of the Malaysian automotive industry market. One good reason is that the company is the beneficiary of its governments' exemption from complying with the Malaysian government's forty percent ID. This fee is being paid by other automotive manufacturers inside Malaysia. Also, the foreign competitors of the company are being imposed very high import duties on their CBUs e ntering the Malaysian circuit. In the past, Proton had been the mocked by its critics when it just started operations because it had to overcome huge losses which would prod other less -brave and adventurous companies to fold up their operations in this Southeast Asian Country. Happily, Proton was able to survive its real world test and transform a losing automotive venture into a profit generating endeavor with a stroke of

Film Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Film - Essay Example She’s an elegant and beautiful girl but with a tomboy attitude and dress sense as a result of being brought up by her father and older brother, after her mother died giving birth to her. She’s frequently seen dressed in Samurai warrior attire and rarely if ever in the traditional woman’s kimono dress. Despite some of her stronger and feistier attributes, however, she is nonetheless gentle, kind and honest. The Empress is really the antagonist here although at first it seems like it may be her son, Emperor Wu. She is a strong leader and comes across at first as wise yet firm. However, despite her soft spot for her son, the Empress Shuang is hard and cruel. She is ruled by ancient social traditions and beliefs and any sign of kindness is swamped by this. Again, she is an elegant woman but her fury makes her appear ugly and After a change in the plot the protagonist has to make a new decision to achieve the goal and restore the world to some form of balance (Aside from the new relationship she has with Emperor Wu, Jiao mission is still important. However, Jiao’s heritage is discovered but her secret mission remains secret. She now must carry out an alternative plan in order to complete the mission she’s been assigned to). The year is 202 BC. Dwelling in rural China is a flourishing tribe derived from the Manchu. They are a self sufficient community that focus their efforts on farming and martial arts and traditions. They dress in traditional clothing rich in texture and colour and each and every citizen of the tribe dedicated their lives to maintaining the prosperity and ongoing happiness of the tribe. They are led by a man named Delun. He is a wise man with a greatest devotion and commitment to his people. Over the past few years Delun had led his tribe through the unification of Middle China and into the Han Dynasty with reasonable success. But now China was approaching a time where Delun